The word chromatography comes from the Greek chroma, “color”, and graphein, “to write”. You might be familiar with what chromatography is, but maybe you din’t know that, as a matter of fact, the name “chromatography” comes from some early experiments on thin layer chromatography. Happy TLCing everyone!ġ0 Closing Up and Conclusions What is Thin Layer Chromatography? On the other hand, I can also promise you that even if you have PhD in organic synthesis, there is still some tricks or hacks to learn in this guide.Ĭonsidering this, you can navigate this tutorial page by using the index shown right below.
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I can tell you that even if you have never been in a chemistry lab before, you will be prepared to do a thin layer chromatography just by continuing to read the first sections. What I decided to do, is to put together all my knowledge in this tutorial article, so you can start reading without knowing what a TLC is, and finish up by being able to separate and identify (almost) anything you want in an organic chemistry lab! You could say that there are very few things that I still don’t know about this technique. I also enjoy sharing and reading lab tricks with colleagues, or even online. Well, I am a synthetic organic chemist with years of experience in the lab, and I have run thousands of TLC and flash columns in any solvent combination that you can imagine. So, what is this tutorial about? What am I going to learn if I continue reading? If you have any comments or suggestions, please leave them here.TLC of black ink. More features will be added during February, but the page can be used as is. This page is fully functional and problems of the four different types are available (85 problems in total). Review your progress regularly and move on to problems of a different level of difficulty, or of a different type, as appropriate.ĬhemInteractive is still in the development and testing phase. You must complete each problem before you can choose another one. If the answers are not correct, study the feedback carefully and consult the relevant Help pages if you wish, then modify the answers and click on the "Check" button again. When you have finished identifying, or drawing, the functional groups, click on the "Check" button.įeedback on your answer will be provided to the right of the molecular editor window and your score will be updated.
#CHEMDOODLE REACTIONS HOW TO#
Then, click the "Get Problem" button, and the problem will appear to the left of the molecule drawing window, and instructions on how to proceed will appear on the right. On this page you can test your ability to recognise, and to draw, common functional groups.įirst choose the type of problem you want to try, and select whether to try an "Easy" or a "More Difficult" problem using the "radio buttons" below ("Easy" problems of the "Identify" type are selected by default). It is important to be able to recognise the common functional groups and to learn their characteristic reactions. For example, compounds that contain the R-C(=O)-H functional group all show strong similarities in their reactivity, and they are called aldehydes. Second, compounds with the same functional group(s), but different carbon skeletons have very similar chemical reactivity because the differences in the inert carbon backbone have relatively little impact.Īs a result, chemists organise organic compounds into "families" according to the functional groups that they contain.
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First, most reactions of organic compounds take place at the functional groups. Two important consequences flow from this observation. the carbon-magnesium bond of a Grignard reagent). the pi bond of an alkene), or are polarised (e.g. In contrast, carbon-carbon multiple bonds and bonds between carbon and elements other than hydrogen are chemically reactive sites because there are relatively weak (e.g. Recognise and name common functional groups.ĭraw structures containing specified functional groups.Ĭarbon-carbon single bonds, and attached carbon-hydrogen bonds, are very stable and difficult to break. On completing these problems you should be able to: